Encapsulation
Hide internal state behind a controlled interface — access modifiers, getters/setters, and the art of designing immutable classes.
Hide internal state behind a controlled interface — access modifiers, getters/setters, and the art of designing immutable classes.
Java's concise immutable data carrier — understand what records generate automatically, compact constructors, and when records replace traditional value classes.
String immutability, the string pool, StringBuilder, and the most useful String APIs in Java.